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Jury FAQs
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How was I selected for jury duty?
Every two years prospective jurors are selected randomly from the voter registration lists, licensed drivers, and individuals who are issued a state identification card, from the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (“PennDOT”) in the respective counties within the Court’s jurisdiction. Their names are put into what is known as the divisional "Master Jury Wheel.” After the creation of the Master Jury Wheel, prospective jurors are selected at random to be on call for a 1-month term.
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Why was I summoned for jury service, and do I need to serve?
Serving as a juror in federal court is a civic duty where citizens participate in the judicial process by deciding the facts and applying the law, in both civil and criminal cases. A summons does not automatically mean that you will be selected to serve on a jury for a specific trial. However, a jury summons is a court order and ignoring it can lead to penalties.
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What types of cases will petit jurors decide in federal court?
Jurors may be called to serve on both civil and criminal trials. Examples of civil cases are contract disputes, civil rights violations, etc. Criminal trials involve a party or parties who have allegedly violated a federal law and who have been indicted by a grand jury.
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What is a Petit Jury and how long will I serve?
A petit jury, also known as a trial jury, listens to evidence offered during a trial and returns a verdict. A verdict in a civil case may be a finding for the plaintiff or for the defendant and possibly award a monetary judgment. A verdict in a criminal case finds the defendant guilty or not guilty.
Petit Jurors are summoned for an “on call” period of 1 month, however this does not mean you will appear every day during that month. You are required to check your status every FRIDAY as listed on your summons, until your message indicates your service is complete. You may check your status by calling our Automated Juror Information System (AJIS) line at 1-866-624-7516 or visit the courts website at www.pamd.uscourts.gov/eJuror. Trial lengths may vary, most last up to a week but could be longer.
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Are court paid fees for jury service considered “reportable income”?
The IRS considers juror attendance fees to be other income and must be reported. At the end of the year, a 1099 MISC form will be mailed to all jurors who earn $2000 or more in attendance fees in the calendar year. This applies only to the "attendance fee" and not reimbursement for travel expenses (mileage, tolls, etc.).
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How do I prove to my employer that I was on Jury Duty?
Upon receiving a juror summons, please notify your employer as soon as possible that you've been summoned for jury service. If you are required to report for jury duty, the Court will provide you with a "Certificate of Attendance," reflecting the date(s) you reported for duty.
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Who is exempt from jury service?
- Active-Duty service members in the Armed Forces of the United States.
- Paid members of the fire or police departments of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania or subdivision thereof.
- Public officers in the executive, legislative or judicial branches of the government of the United States, or the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania or subdivision thereof, who are actively engaged in the performance of official duties.
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Am I “Qualified” to serve as a juror?
To be qualified you must be:
- A citizen of the U.S. who is 18 years of age or older.
- A resident of the Middle District of Pennsylvania.
Scranton or Wilkes-Barre: Carbon, Lackawanna, Luzerne, Monroe, Pike, Susquehanna, Wayne, Wyoming, Schuylkill
Harrisburg: Adams, Cumberland, Dauphin, Franklin, Fulton, Huntingdon, Juniata, Lebanon, Mifflin, Perry, York
Williamsport: Bradford, Cameron, Centre, Clinton, Columbia, Lycoming, Montour, Northumberland, Potter, Snyder, Sullivan, Tioga, Union
- Able to read, write, or understand the English language well enough to fill out the juror qualification questionnaire.
- Able to speak the English language.
- Free of pending criminal charges and cannot have been convicted of a crime that is punishable by more than one (1) year of imprisonment.
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How will jury service pay affect my unemployment benefits?
This question should be answered by your local unemployment office. Let them know you are currently serving on a jury and receiving jury pay.
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What rules apply to a person working second or third shift?
Second and third shift workers should take off the shift prior to the day you are to report. If a hardship related to your shiftwork prevents you from serving, you must submit a written request to be excused that explains your hardship.
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Can I be fired from my job for serving on a jury?
No. Federal law protects all permanent employees who serve on juries. If your employer fires you, threatens to fire you, intimidates, or coerces you because you have been called for jury duty, report the incident immediately to the jury office.
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Can my employer tell me I can’t serve on a jury?
No! Under Section 1875 of the F.R.C.P., “No employer shall discharge, threaten to discharge, intimidate, or coerce any permanent employee by reason of such employee’s jury service…” and they may be subject to a civil penalty of more than $5,000.00 should they do so.
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Does my employer have to pay me while I serve?
Employers are not required to pay your wages; however, most do pay employees to serve as a juror. It is important that you check with your Human Resources department before you report for service. Some employers will pay an employee’s regular wages, while others deduct the $50.00 daily fee you receive from the Court, from your regular wages. If your employer requires you to turn over the payment you receive from the Court, CASH your check first as they are not entitled to the mileage you receive for travel.
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What happens if I don’t appear?
Jury service is both an obligation and a privilege. Your fellow citizens need your assistance. Most individuals who have served on a jury find it to be an informative and rewarding experience.
Federal law provides that persons who fail to appear as directed for jury service shall be ordered to appear in Court and show cause for failure to comply with the summons. Any person who fails to appear pursuant to such order or who fails to show good cause for noncompliance with the summons, may be fined up to $1,000.00, imprisoned not more than three days, ordered to perform community service, or any combination thereof.
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What I should/shouldn’t bring with me to the courthouse?
You should bring your juror summons with you when you report. The bar code is used to verify attendance by the jury office. You must present a photo ID, such as a driver’s license upon entering. REAL IDs are not required for jury service.
You and your belongings are subject to search. Please do not attempt to bring the following items into the courthouse: cameras, recording devices, weapons, scissors, knives, box cutters, knitting needles, or any item that could be construed as a weapon. If you attempt to enter the courthouse with a prohibited item, you will be refused entrance at that time and will be instructed to take the item back to your car. These procedures are in place for your safety, in addition to the safety of court staff. We appreciate your cooperation and understanding in this matter.
You may bring laptops, iPads, and cell phones into the courthouse. There are restrictions as to when and where you may use these items. This will be discussed during jury orientation.
It is very important that jury selection and trial begin promptly, so please allow plenty of time for traffic, parking and entering through courthouse security when reporting for service.
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What is the dress code for jurors?
Jurors must wear appropriate attire. Shorts, halter tops, tank tops, dirty/stained clothing are not considered appropriate attire and should not be worn to the courthouse. As many people struggle with allergies and other breathing problems, please be considerate when using perfumes and colognes. Our courtroom temperatures are generally cool so you may wish to bring a light sweater or jacket. Since you will be passing through a metal detector, please leave excess metal and jewelry at home to speed up your entry into the courthouse.
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What about emergencies while serving on a jury?
It is important that jurors report to the courthouse when you are required. Absences may delay or even jeopardize trials. Jurors faced with an emergency such as a sudden illness or death in the family, should follow the instructions given by the Court on the day of selection. If unable to do so, you should telephone the jury staff in the division where your jury service is to take place.
In addition, if there is an emergency and someone needs to contact you during your service, they may call the jury staff in the division where you reported for jury service and a message will be delivered to you promptly. Please have them specify that you are on jury duty.
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How do I get to the courthouse and where do I park?
Jurors may park free of charge in the parking facilities listed on the website under jury info-directions (location). You may also call the automated juror information system (AJIS) at 1-866-624-7516 and press option 2 for the appropriate location. Remember to bring the ticket you received, when entering the garage, with you into the courthouse for validation, allowing you to exit without payment.
If parking at the Harrisburg Courthouse, you will not receive a ticket when entering the garage/lot. Place the orange PAMD PARKING PASS, included in your summons envelope, on your dashboard while serving. Additional instructions are provided during jury orientation.
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How will I know when to report to the courthouse?
Starting the Friday before your month of service, call the toll-free automated juror information system (AJIS) at 1-866-624-7516 or log onto eJuror, and go under the jury info tab on the website for reporting instructions. If calling, you will be asked to enter your nine-digit participant number. If checking online, you will be asked to enter your nine-digit participant number and the first three letters of your last name. If you are assigned a date, you will be told when and where to report. If you were not scheduled for a reporting date, you must check every Friday, until you are told your service is over.
If the message instructs you to report to the courthouse for jury service on a scheduled date, you must call the automated juror information system (AJIS) at 1-866-624-7516 or check eJuror the night before the report date to confirm that you are still scheduled for service.
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Why do I have to provide information about my race and gender?
Federal law requires a prospective juror to indicate his/her race to help ensure that discrimination does not occur during the jury selection process. Race and gender have no bearing in determining your eligibility to serve as a juror.
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I received a questionnaire for a deceased person or a person who is no longer a resident of the Middle District of Pennsylvania, what should I do?
You may open the questionnaire. In the remarks section on the front of the questionnaire, write “deceased” and the date of death, or “non-resident” and include a new address if known. Then return it in the envelope provided.
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I submitted a request to be excused or disqualified, but my request was denied?
Jury clerks must observe the Federal Guidelines and a local Jury Plan when making determinations regarding requests to be excused or disqualified. Not all requests are granted. If your request was denied and you believe your request is valid, you should contact the jury clerk in the location in which you were summoned, to discuss the specifics of your request. It is possible that more written documentation is required. If you require an excusal for a reason that is not covered, you will have an opportunity to speak to the Judge when you report for the selection process.
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How long does it take to get a response after submitting my request?
After submitting your request for postponement or excusal, please allow 2-3 business days for processing before checking your updated status to see if your request was granted by the Court. Follow the instructions on the back of your summons to check your status by phone or by logging into www.pamd.uscourts.gov/eJuror from the Court's website. You are considered qualified for service unless the Court approves your request.
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How do I request an excusal or postponement from serving?
While the Court will try to accommodate a request, it is not an automatic excusal, and your request may be denied.
To request an excusal or postponement, first you must complete the juror qualification form that you received. All requests must be made in writing and can be done either on our website ( www.pamd.uscourts.gov/eJuror ) or by mail. Please email or mail all requests within 10 days of receiving your summons. Late requests may not be honored. Requests made by telephone are not accepted.
If you are requesting an excusal due to a medical condition, the Court requires a letter from your doctor advising that jury service would pose a medical threat to your health and well-being. Without a medical excuse, your request will not be considered.
Letters from employers are not accepted.
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Who may be excused from jury service?
- Persons over 70 years of age.
- Prior Service - Persons who have previously served two (2) or more days as a grand or petit juror in a state or federal court within the past two years.
- Volunteer Safety Personnel who serve, during the hours of 8 am to 5 pm, without compensation as firefighters, members of a rescue squad or ambulance crew for a public agency. Public agency for the purpose of this plan means the United States, the State of Pennsylvania, or any unit of local government, department, or instrumentality of any of the foregoing.
- Caregiver - Persons having active care and custody, during the hours of normal jury service of children under 10 years of age whose health/safety would be jeopardized by their absence for jury service, or a person who is essential to the care of an aged or infirmed person. A caregiver must not be gainfully employed “outside” the home during the hours of jury service.
- Sole Proprietor - Any person whose services are so essential to the operation of a business, commercial or agricultural enterprise that said enterprise must close if such person were required to perform jury duty.
- Actively practicing full time Attorney.
- Actively practicing full time Physician.
- Actively practicing full time Dentist.
- Religious - Actively engaged members of the clergy.
- Teachers or students in actual attendance at a university, college academy, or other school having a regular schedule of classes.
- People for whom jury service would cause undue hardship or extreme inconvenience.
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What is a Grand Jury and how long will I serve?
A grand jury will only hear criminal matters. The grand jury does not determine guilt or innocence, but whether probable cause exists that a crime was committed. Evidence is presented by an attorney for the government. The grand jury weighs the evidence and determines whether the government files formal charges against one or more individuals. If so, the grand jury will return a written statement of the charges called an “indictment” allowing the case to proceed to court.
Grand jurors typically serve two (2) days a month for a term of 18 months. If selected to serve on a grand jury, it will include service one (1) day a week, every other week for the duration of the term. A schedule of possible dates will be provided.
